Powerful alerting with ElastAlert

Last updated 22nd April, 2021

Objective

ElastAlert is an alerting framework originally designed by Yelp. It is able to detect anomalies, spikes, or other patterns of interest. It is production-ready and is a well known standard of alerting in the Elasticsearch ecosystem. As stated in their documentation : "If you can see it in Kibana, ElastAlert can alert on it." In this document you will learn how to deploy this component on Logs Data Platform thanks to its compability with Elasticsearch through aliases and indexes. Logs Data Platform also allows you to host ElastAlert meta-indices on Logs Data Platform..

Requirements

Note that in order to complete this tutorial, you should have at least:

• Activated your Logs Data Platform account.
• A machine on which you will deploy ElastAlert.
• Some data on an alias or an index.

Preparation

In order to deploy ElastAlert, it is important that you have data on which you want to alert things on. If you only have Graylog stream, you can use aliases to enable the Elasticsearch API on your stream data. Here is how:

1. Go to the Logs Data Platform manager.
2. In the Alias panel, click the Add an alias button.
3. Choose a name and define a description for your alias.
4. Save the entry by clicking the Save button.
5. Once the alias has been created. Use the ... menu on the right side and select the Attach content to the alias option.
6. Define there the data streams you want to associate to your alias.
7. That's it.

If you only have indices, you can use them directly in the ElastAlert configuration.

Instructions

ElastAlert configuration consists in three steps:

• Installing ElastAlert and its metadata indices.
• Configuring the main configuration file.
• Configuring the alert rules.

Installation

Installing ElastAlert can be done in different ways as described in their documentation..

You must clone the Jertel ElastAlert repository for the most recent changes:

$ git clone https://github.com/jertel/elastalert.git

You may need to manually install the correct version of elasticsearch-py.

For Elasticsearch 6.X:

$ pip install "elasticsearch>=6.0.0,<7.0.0"

Install the module:

$ pip install "setuptools>=11.3"
$ python setup.py install

The next step is to configure ElastAlert meta-indices using the provided tool elastalert-create-index. ElastAlert needs 5 indices to operate:

• The generic index containing all active alerts.
• The status index containing the queries run to trigger the alerts.
• The error index with all the errors encountered.
• The silence index indicating if a reoccuring alert should be triggered or silenced.
• The past index with all the alerts triggered and closed.

The following command will create the indices on Logs Data Platform directly from Elasticsearch API.

$ elastalert-create-index --host <ldp-cluster>.logs.ovh.com --port 9200 --username <username> --password <password> --ssl --index <username>-i-<suffix>

Tou should pay attention to the following points:

• The <ldp-cluster> must be the one assigned to you (find on the Home page of the LDP Manager).
• <username> is the username used to connect to the API or to the Logs Data Platform interfaces (Graylog or Kibana).
• <password> is the associated password. You can use tokens in place of the username/password couple for your credentials.
• The --index is the most important here since you must follow the index naming convention of Logs Data Platform. Use the presented form <username>-i- as a base name for your meta-indices. <suffix> can be personalized to any alphanumeric characters.

This command will create all 5 indices and place the mapping on them. All you need after is to create the ElastAlert configuration file and some rules.

ElastAlert configuration file.

Without further delay here is a sample config.yml file you can use for your configuration:

rules_folder: /opt/elastalert/rules
run_every:
  minutes: 5
buffer_time:
  hours: 6 
es_host: <ldp-cluster>.logs.ovh.com
es_port: 9200
use_ssl: True 
verify_certs: True 
es_username: <username>
es_password: <password>
writeback_index: <username>-i-<suffix>
alert_time_limit:
  days: 2

You can find all the available options here.

• rules_folder is where ElastAlert will load rule configuration files from. It will attempt to load every .yaml file in the folder. Without any valid rules, ElastAlert will not start. In this folder.
• run_every is how often ElastAlert will query Elasticsearch.
• buffer_time is the size of the query window, stretching backwards from the time each query is run.
• es_host is the address of an Elasticsearch cluster where ElastAlert will store data about its state, queries run, alerts, and errors. Each rule may also use a different Elasticsearch host to query against.
• es_port is the port corresponding to es_host.
• use_ssl: whether or not to connect to es_host using TLS. TLS is mandatory in our platform.
• verify_certs whether or not to verify TLS certificates. Our platform uses certificates validated by most operating systems and browsers.
• es_username is the username used to connect to Elasticsearch APIs.
• es_password is the password used to connect to Elasticsearch APIs. Remember that you can use tokens in place of these credentials.
• writeback_index is the name of the index in which ElastAlert will store data. Use the same name you used to configure indices with elastalert-create-index.
• alert_time_limit is the retry window for failed alerts.

Rules configuration

In this example, we will create a frequency.yml rule which will send a email if the field user with the value Oles appears more than 3 times in less than 4 hours and send an email. If your machine cannot send an email, you can still test the rule (it will just fail at the sending step).

name: Example frequency rule

# (Required)
# Type of alert.
# the frequency rule type alerts when num_events events occur with timeframe time
type: frequency

# (Required)
# Index to search, wildcard supported
index:  <index-or-alias-to-check>

# (Required, frequency specific)
# Alert when this many documents matching the query occur within a timeframe
num_events: 3

# (Required, frequency specific)
# num_events must occur within this amount of time to trigger an alert
timeframe:
  hours: 4

timestamp_field: timestamp
timestamp_type: custom
timestamp_format: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'
timestamp_format_expr:  'ts[:23]'

# (Required)
# A list of Elasticsearch filters used for find events
# These filters are joined with AND and nested in a filtered query
# For more info: http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl.html
filter:
- term:
    user: "Oles"

# (Required)
# The alert is used when a match is found
alert:
- "email"

# (required, email specific)
# a list of email addresses to send alerts to
email:
- "elastalert@example.com"

We won't detail all the parameters since most of them are self-explanatory. However, please pay attention to the index parameter. This index or alias is the one containing the logs or documents you want to be alerted from.

It's also important to customize the timestamp parameters according to the timestamp of your logs or documents. Here we customize a custom timestamp on the timestamp_field timestamp with the format used in the logs pipeline %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f. Because this format has 3 extra numbers, we need to truncate them using the timestamp_format_expr option.

Launch ElastAlert

To launch ElastAlert, use the following command :

$ elastalert --config config.yml

To test your alert you can use the following curl command sending logs to our Elasticsearch endpoint:

$ curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -u '<username>:<password>' -XPOST https://<ldp-cluster>.logs.ovh.com:9200/ldp-logs/message -d '{ "X-OVH-TOKEN" : "wstream-token>" , "test_field" : "OVHcloud" , "user": "Oles", "short_message" : "Hello ES input", "host" : "OVHcloud_elastalert" }'

If you send this event more than 3 times, the elastalert process will try to send an alert to the configured email address.

ElastAlert has a lot of integrations for alerting including Email, JIRA, OpsGenie, SNS, HipChat, Slack, MS Teams, PagerDuty, Zabbix, custom commands and many more.

Go further

• Getting Started: Quick Start
• Documentation: Guides
• Community hub: https://community.ovh.com
• Create an account: Try it!

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